Gothic Architecture in Europe Essay - 1897 Words

The research paper, shall be concerned with discussion Gothic architecture in Europe-namely England, France, Germany, and Italy starting from 12th to the 16th Centuries. Architecture was the most original and lasting form of art during the Gothic Period, which lasted for four centuries starting from the mid 12th century. The impetus for this architecture was the Roman Catholic Church, which sought to portray their houses of worship as something which transcended the realm of mankind. It is interesting to note that many of the Northern European areas were predominately pagan, and only recently brought into the Church. The imagery provided by Gothic structural design was something these peoples could more readily understand, as they†¦show more content†¦This is important to note, as science as we know it had not begun to emerge yet, at least not in this culture, and many of their beliefs about the world around them was predicated on religion and superstition. In this re spect, the Persians were vastly superior in scientific knowledge when compared to the Western European civilizations. The crusades were beneficial since it was one way of importing knowledge from Persia notably, Mathematics. Mathematics would play a very critical role in architecture in the centuries to come. Algebra and Geometry are two vital methods that prove to be precious to architecture and indeed made gothic design possible. The Catholic Church began using these new mathematical principles to build their cathedrals. The cathedrals were a challenge to the capabilities of the civilization at that time and inspired competition between the Dioceses to see who could build the most outstanding cathedral. This inspired an explosion in art and technology, and was responsible for creating art in the form of structure. The Cathedrals were also status symbols. Towns and cities would build them to show how successful they were. The more elaborate the Cathedral, the more successful th e town or city. This gave rise to the Gothic architectural style, which developed simultaneously across England, France, Germany, and Italy. The countries developed their own distinctive technique of Gothic design, which I shall compare and contrastShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Eastern And Western European Architectural Styles1223 Words   |  5 PagesGothic architecture is often characterized just by the visual aspects that define it; however, there is much deeper influence in the structure and form of the style. The term is sometimes used to define a time period, but some critics believe there is no true definition of the term gothic. The style has evolved from many different things throughout history, and its influence is still evident throughout buildings in Europe. Gothic architecture and different styles of architecture can commonly beRead MoreThe History of Gothic Architecture in Italy Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesAbbott Suger wanted to make Saint Denis a magni ficent showplace as the royal Abbey church of France and burial place of French kings. Ribbed vault which were capable of spanning large areas was designed to make gothic churches larger. These Gothic Churches were characterized by enlarged clerestory zone, windows enormous size with inserted new zone and triforium below the ribbed vaults and supporting of an arcade of high piers lining of the nave. These characteristics ensured the support of theRead MoreKey Characteristics of Gothic Architecture1436 Words   |  6 Pagesarchitectural changes were necessary in the shift from Romanesque to Gothic cathedrals in Europe and what inspirational changes influenced these changes? A. Plan of Investigation This investigation’s purpose is to analyze the changes in the architectural technique of the Romanesque style of architecture and come to a conclusion as to whether the shift in technique led to the rise of the more grandiose Gothic architecture in Europe. All art is inspired and the influences that caused the change in techniqueRead More Gothic and Romanesque Cathedrals Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesGothic and Romanesque Cathedrals The Romanesque style transformed into the Gothic style during the Middle Ages. This happened for many reasons. The Romanesque period was a time of trial and error while the Gothic period was a time of advancements in inventions. Religion was an important factor in the shift between Romanesque and Gothic. The locations of the two types of cathedrals also contributed toward the change between Romanesque and Gothic, as well as the power of the relics and the communityRead MoreGothic and Romanesque Cathedrals Essay1296 Words   |  6 Pagestransformed into the Gothic style during the Middle Ages. This happened for many reasons. The Romanesque period was a time of trial and error while the Gothic period was a time of advancements in inventions. Religion was an important factor in the shift between Romanesque and Gothic. The locations of the two types of cathedrals also contributed toward the change between Romanesque and Gothic, as well as the power of the relics and the community to ra ise funds for the Gothic cathedrals. There areRead More Romanesque and Gothic Architecture Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesRomanesque and Gothic Architecture The 11th to 15th centuries saw a great surge of the Christian Church within Europe which was emphasized by the persuasiveness of the Crusades. The growing population of the Church increased the demand for the increased presence in architectural monuments and during the Romanesque and Gothic periods, a great cathedral construction boom occurred across Europe. The Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles were distinctive in not only the massiveness of the RomanesqueRead MoreThe Creation Of Castles And The Gothic Style1217 Words   |  5 Pagesthe technology included watermills, windmills, the printing press, and advances in architecture such as the creation of castles and the Gothic style. Each invention had many different uses. The watermill used a water wheel or turbine that helped to make the process of grinding flour or fixing lumber, quicker and easier. The watermill was created during the early 7th century and noticeably spread throughout Europe a century later. There were two types of watermills, one was powered with a verticalRead MoreThe Beginning Of Gothic Art943 Words   |  4 PagesThe beginning of Gothic art started around the year 1140. At this time Gothic art was not a particular art form that was practiced in Europe. The Ile-de-France which means, Paris and vicinity, was the only place that art and architecture shoes Gothic characteristics. However, once people from other places started to notice the beauty that this particular art form presented, it quickly spread around the rest of Europe. The art and architecture that is attributed with the Gothic style is actuallyRead MoreMost Memorable Works Of Architecture971 Words   |  4 PagesThere have been many memorable works of architecture in ancient history. So many, in fact, that it can sometimes be pretty overwhelming. It is always interesting to think about how much these individuals of the ancient world built given how behind they were compared to our lives today. In the big scheme of things, they were actually probably better off than we are today. One of the most admired and intricate works of architecture from the medieval French era is known as the Chartres Cathedral (AKARead MoreEssay on Medieval Art1111 Words   |  5 PagesIn the art world, the medieval periods were traditionally though to be the unproductive phase of Europe between the decline of Rome and the Renaissance. Our modern feelings toward medieval art are far more appreciative. The main intent of Medieval art was to express Christianity which w as also a common bond between a wide spread and diverse Europe. For this reason most of the art found from medieval times originated in monasteries and churches. European art during the Middle Ages can be divided

Comparison Between Modern Day Music And Langston Hughes...

Comparison of modern day music to Langston Hughes and Paul Laurence Dunbar Poetry has changed over the course of many years and numerous events in history.Music, as well, changed the sound and lyrical meanings due to many events in history. Whether music is poetry or not can be argued, but I believe music is an art represented through sound and lyrics. Music is a form of poetry with a little tune to it. Music has a message to it just as poetry would. Modern day music can reflect on many things, just as poetry sometimes refers to events going on in the world. Many years ago a very controversial topic was the discussion of slavery, and later the inequality of colored men to whites. Popular American poets, Paul Laurence Dunbar and Langston Hughes, are two of the very few who would talk about these controversies. Their poetry consisted of slavery, racial relations and inequality, opportunity, and hope. Their poetry captures the despair and faith in the colored people through all their oppression. Modern day music genre and style of hip hop or rap is a style cre ated by African Americans. Present day rap artists, J Cole and Kendrick Lamar, are two rap artists who have revolutionized music and have become idolized by many African Americans. The two are known for discussing the reality of what it is like being a black man in today’s society. The poems of Hughes and Dunbar are very comparable to the songs of Cole and Lamar that discuss oppression, inequality, and hope within black

Anger Essay Example For Students

Anger Essay ANGERAnger is a healthy emotion when it is expressed appropriately. When it is not,it can have devastating effects. Anger is at the root of many personal andsocial problems, e.g., child abuse, domestic violence, physical and verbalabuse, and community violence. Problematic interpersonal relations may alsodisrupt employment activities because of the interference of anger onworkplace performance. Left unchecked, anger can destroy relationships,obstruct problem solving skills, and increase social withdrawal. Anger alsoaffects our physical health. For example, it can tax our immune system;contribute to headaches, migraines, severe gastrointestinal symptoms,hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Anger is a healthy and validemotion. But many of us are taught not to express or show our anger. Thisoften leaves us feeling frustrated and unable to express how we feel inside. As a result, some of us store and suppress our anger, while others mayexpress it, but in negative and unhealthy ways. Individual counseling sessionswill assist you in learning how to express and communicate your anger inpositive and effective ways. Anger is an emotional state that varies in intensityfrom mild irritation to intense fury and rage, according to CharlesSpielberger, Ph.D., a psychologist who specializes in the study of anger. Likeother emotions, it is accompanied by physiological and biological changes;when you get angry, your heart rate and blood pressure go up, as does thelevel of your energy hormones, adrenalin and/nor adrenalin. Anger can becaused by both external and internal events. You could be angry with aspecific person (Such as a coworker or supervisor) or event (a traffic jam, acanceled flight), or worrying or brooding about your personal problems couldcause your anger. Memories of traumatic or enraging events can also triggerangry feelings. The instinctive, na tural way to express anger is to respondaggressively. Anger is a natural, adaptive response to threats; it inspirespowerful, often aggressive, feelings and behaviors, which allow us to fight andto defend ourselves when we are attacked. A certain amount of anger,therefore, is necessary to our survival. On the other hand, we cant physicallylash out at every person or object that irritates or annoys us; laws, socialnorms and common sense place limits on how far our anger can take us. People use a variety of both conscious and unconscious processes to dealwith their angry feelings. The three main approaches are expressing,suppressing, and calming. Expressing your angry feelings in an assertive notaggressive manner is the healthiest way to express anger. To do this, youhave to learn how to make clear what your needs are, and how to get themmet, without hurting others. Being assertive doesnt mean being pushy ordemanding; it means being respectful of yourself and others. Anger can besuppressed, and then converted or redirected. This happens when you holdin your anger, stop thinking about it and focus on something positive. The aimis to inhibit or suppress your anger and convert it into more constructivebehavior. The danger in this type of response is that if it isnt allowed outwardexpression, your anger can turn inward on yourself. Anger turned inwardmay cause hypertension, high blood pressure or depression. Unexpressedanger can create other problems. It can lead t o pathological expressions ofanger, such as passive-aggressive behavior (getting back at people indirectly,without telling them why, rather than confronting them head-on) or apersonality that seems perpetually cynical and hostile. People who areconstantly putting others down, criticizing everything and making cynicalcomments havent learned how to constructively express their anger. Notsurprisingly, they arent likely to have many successful relationships. Finally,you can calm yourself down inside. This means not just controlling youroutward behavior but also controlling your internal responses, taking steps tolower your heart rate, calm yourself down and let the feelings subside. .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a , .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a .postImageUrl , .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a , .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a:hover , .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a:visited , .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a:active { border:0!important; } .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a:active , .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u78f1d6e1a907a1f11ad7ca7fec3d764a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Language Arts Intervention Programs Increase Student Achievement EssayAccording to Jerry Deffenbacher, Ph.D., a psychologist who specializes inanger management, some people are really more hotheaded than others;they get angry more easily and more intensely than the average person. Thereare also those who dont show their anger in loud spectacular ways but arechronically irritable and grumpy. Easily angered people dont always curseand throw things; sometimes they withdraw socially, sulk or get physically ill. People who are easily angered generally have what some psychologists call alow tolerance for frustration, meaning simply that they feel that they shouldnot have to be subjected to frustration, inconvenience or annoyance. Theycant take things in stride, and theyre particularly infuriated if the situationseems somehow unjust: for example, being corrected for a minor mistake. What makes these people this way? A number of things. One cause may begenetic or physiological; there is evidence that some children are bornirritable, touchy and easily angered, and that these signs are present from avery early age. Another may be sociocultural. Anger is often regarded asnegative; weve taught that its all right to express anxiety, depression or otheremotions but not to express anger. As a result, we dont learn how to handleit or channel it constructively. Research has also found that family backgroundplays a role. Typically, people who are easily angered come from families thatare disruptive, chaotic and not skilled at emotional communications. Simplyput, this means changing the way you think. Angry people tend to curse,swear or speak in highly colorful terms that reflect their inner thoughts. Whenyoure angry, your thinking can get very exaggerated and overly dramatic. Tryreplacing these thoughts with more rational ones. For instance, instead oftelling yourself, oh, its awful, its terrible, everythings ruined, tell yourself,its frustrating, and its understandable that Im upset about it, but its not theend of the world and getting angry is not going to fix it anyhow. Be careful ofwords like never or always when talking about yourself or someone else. This machine never works, or youre always forgetting things are not justinaccurate, they also serve to make you feel that your anger is justified andthat theres no way to solve the problem. They also alienate and humiliatepeople who might otherwise be willing to work with you on a solution. Forexample, you have a friend who is constantly late when you make plans tomeet. Dont go on the attack; think instead about the goal you want toaccomplish (that is, getting you and your friend there at about the same time). So avoid saying things like, You are always late! Youre the mostirresponsible, inconsiderate person I have ever met! The only goal thataccomplishes is hurting and angering your friend. State what the problem is,and try to find a solution that works for both of you; or take matters into yourown hands by, for instance, setting your meeting time a half-hour earlier sothat your friend will, in fact, get there on time, even if you have to trick him orher into doing it! Either way, the problem is solved and the friendship isntdamaged. Remind yourself that getting angry is not going to fix anything, thatit wont make you feel better (and may actually make you feel worse). Logicdefeats anger, because anger, even when its justified, can quickly becomeirrational. So use cold hard logic on yourself. Remind yourself that the worldis not out to get you, Youre just experiencing some of the rough spots ofdaily life. Do this each time you feel anger getting the best of you, and itll helpyou get a mor e balanced perspective. Angry people tend to demand things:fairness, appreciation, agreement, and willingness to do things their way. .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8 , .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8 .postImageUrl , .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8 , .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8:hover , .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8:visited , .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8:active { border:0!important; } .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8:active , .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8 .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uebd1da24066ef9071cb7bc310d6d5aa8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mononucleosis 2 EssayEveryone wants these things, and we are all hurt and disappointed when wedont get them, but angry people demand them, and when their demandsarent met their disappointment becomes anger. As part of their cognitiverestructuring, angry people need to become aware of their demanding natureand translate their expectations into desires. In other words, saying I wouldlike something is healthier than saying I demand or I must have something. When youre unable to get what you want, you will experience the normalreactions frustration, disappointment, hurt but not anger. Some angrypeople use this anger as a way to avoid feeling hurt, but that doesnt mean thehurt goes away. Sometimes, our anger and frustration are caused by very realand inescapable problems in our lives. Not all anger is misplaced, and oftenits a healthy, natural response to these difficulties. There is also a culturalbelief that every problem has a solution, and it adds to our frustration to findout that this isnt always the case. The best attitude to bring such a situation,then, is not to focus on finding the solution but rather on how you handle andface the problem. Make a plan, and check your progress along the way. (People who have trouble with planning might find a good guide to organizingor time management helpful.) Resolve to give it your best, but also not topunish yourself if an answer doesnt come right away. If you can approach itwith your best intentions and efforts, and make a serious attempt to face ithead-on, you will be less likely to lose patience and fall into all-or-nothingthinking, even if the problem does not get solved right aw Word Count: 1577